Aeshna
| Aeshna Temporal range:
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| Southern hawker (Aeshna cyanea) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Infraorder: | Anisoptera |
| Family: | Aeshnidae |
| Subfamily: | Aeshninae |
| Genus: | Aeshna Fabricius, 1775[1] |
| Species | |
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See text | |
Phulchowki, Nepal
Phulchowki, Nepal
Aeshna,[2] or the mosaic darners, is a genus of dragonflies from the family Aeshnidae. Species within this genus are generally known as "hawkers" (Old World) or "darners" (New World).
Description
[edit]These are relatively large dragonflies. Their thoraces and abdomens are brown in color, with blue or yellow stripes or spots on the thorax, and yellow, blue or green spots on the abdomen.
Natalia von Ellenrieder's 2003 paper demonstrated that the Holarctic and Neotropical species placed in this genus did not share a common ancestor, and proposed the latter be placed in the genus Rhionaeschna.
The name Aeshna was coined by the Danish entomologist Fabricius in the 18th century. The name may have resulted from a printer's error in spelling the Greek Aechma, "a spear".[3] The spelling Aeschna has been intermittently used over a period of time, but is now abandoned for the original name Aeshna. However, derived genus names (such as Rhionaeschna) retain the 'sch' spelling, as this is how they were first cited.
Species
[edit]Many species formerly included in Aeshna have been split into other genera, including Afroaeschna, Andaeschna, Pinheyschna, Rhionaeschna, and Zosteraeschna.[4]
The genus Aeshna includes these species:[4]
- Aeshna affinis Van der Linden, 1820 – southern migrant hawker,[5] blue-eyed hawker[2]
- Aeshna annulata Fabricius, 1798 (Doubtful Species)
- Aeshna athalia Needham, 1930
- Aeshna caerulea (Ström, 1783) – azure hawker[5]
- Aeshna canadensis Walker, 1908 – Canada darner[6]
- Aeshna clepsydra Say, 1839 – mottled darner[6]
- Aeshna constricta Say, 1839 – lance-tipped darner[6]
- Aeshna crenata Hagen, 1856 – Siberian hawker[2]
- Aeshna cyanea (Müller, 1764) – blue hawker,[2] southern hawker[5]
- Aeshna eremita Scudder, 1866 – lake darner[6]
- Aeshna frontalis Navás, 1936
- Aeshna grandis (Linnaeus, 1758) – brown hawker[5]
- Aeshna interrupta Walker, 1908 – variable darner[6]
- Aeshna isoceles (Muller, 1767) – Norfolk Hawker
- Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus, 1758) – common hawker,[5] sedge darner,[6] moorland hawker[2]
- Aeshna mixta Latreille, 1805 – migrant hawker[5]
- Aeshna palmata Hagen, 1856 – paddle-tailed darner[6]
- Aeshna persephone Donnelly, 1961 – Persephone's darner[6]
- Aeshna petalura Martin, 1909
- Aeshna septentrionalis Burmeister, 1839 – azure darner[6]
- Aeshna serrata Hagen, 1856 – Baltic hawker[2]
- Aeshna shennong Zhang & Cai, 2014
- Aeshna sitchensis Hagen, 1861 – zigzag darner[6]
- Aeshna soneharai Asahina, 1988[7]
- Aeshna subarctica Walker, 1908 – bog hawker,[2] subarctic darner[8]
- Aeshna tuberculifera Walker, 1908 – black-tipped darner[6]
- Aeshna umbrosa Walker, 1908 – shadow darner[6]
- Aeshna vercanica Schneider, Schneider, Schneider, Verstraete & Dumont, 2015
- Aeshna verticalis Hagen, 1861 – green-striped darner[6]
- Aeshna viridis Eversmann, 1836 – green hawker[2]
- Aeshna walkeri Kennedy, 1917 – Walker's darner[6]
- Aeshna williamsoniana Calvert, 1905 – Williamson's darner[9]
Fossil species
[edit]
Note that many fossil species in the genus were named at a time when many extant species now included in other genera were included in Aeshna.[4] The list of valid fossil species is based on Nel et al. (2022), with species of uncertain validity noted:[10][11]
- †Aeshna andancensis Nel & Brisac, 1994 – Late Miocene (Turolian), France
- †Aeshna caseneuvensis Nel et al., 2022 – earliest Oligocene (Rupelian) of France
- †Aeshna cerdanica Nel & Martínez-Delclòs, 1994 – Late Miocene (Vallesian), Spain
- ?†Aeshna dido Hagen, 1863 (Aeshnidae incertae sedis) – Late Oligocene, Rott Formation, Germany
- †Aeshna forficatum Li et al., 2011 – Middle Miocene, Shanwang Formation, China[12]
- †Aeshna ghiandonii Gentilini & Peters, 1993 – Late Miocene (Messinian), Gessoso Formation, Italy
- ?†Aeshna heterofasciata Théobald, 1937 (Anisoptera incertae sedis) – Early Oligocene, Salt Formation, Germany
- †Aeshna ignivora Zhang, 1989 – Middle Miocene, Shanwang Formation, China[13]
- ?†Aeshna larvata Scudder, 1890 (Anisoptera incertae sedis) – Late Eocene (Priabonian), Florissant Formation, Colorado
- †Aeshna messiniana Gentilini & Peters, 1993 – Late Miocene (Messinian), Gessoso Formation, Italy
- †Aeshna multicellulata Gentilini & Peters, 1993 – Late Miocene (Messinian), Gessoso Formation, Italy
- †Aeshna oligocenica Nel, 1994 – terminal Oligocene, Niveau du gypse d'Aix Formation, France
- †Aeshna ollivieri Nel, 1986 – Late Oligocene, Campagne-Calavon Formation, France
- ?†Aeshna paleocyanea Nel, 1987 (Aeshnidae incertae sedis) – Early Oligocene (Stampian), France
- †Aeshna shanwangensis Li et al., 2011 – Middle Miocene, Shanwang Formation, China[12]
- †Aeshna solida Scudder, 1890 – Late Eocene (Priabonian), Florissant Formation, Colorado
- †Aeshna stavropolensis Nel et al., 2005 – Middle Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia[14]
- ?†Aeshna theobaldi Piton, 1934 (Aeshnidae incertae sedis) – Early Pleistocene (Villafranchian), France
- ?†Aeshna tyche Heer, 1849 (Aeshnidae incertae sedis) – Late Miocene (Sarmatian), Upper Freshwater-Molasse Formation, Germany
- †Aeshna voesendorfensis Papp & Mandl, 1951 – Late Miocene (Messinian), Austria
- †Aeshna zlatkokvaceki Prokop et al., 2016 – Early Miocene of the Czech Republic[15]
References
[edit]- ^ Fabricius, J.C. (1775). "V. Vnogata". Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus (in Latin). Flensburg & Leipzig: Kortius. pp. 420–426 [424]. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.36510.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Checklist, English common names". DragonflyPix.com. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- ^ "Dragonflies of the Family Aeshnidae in British Columbia" (PDF). Retrieved 25 August 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c Paulson, D.; Schorr, M.; Abbott, J.; Bota-Sierra, C.; Deliry, C.; Dijkstra, K.-D.; Lozano, F. "World Odonata List". OdonataCentral. University of Alabama.
- ^ a b c d e f "Checklist of UK Species". British Dragonfly Society. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "North American Odonata". University of Puget Sound. 2009. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- ^ Onishko, V.V.; Kosterin, O.E.; Blinov, A.G.; Sukhikh, I.S.; Ogunleye, A.T.; Schröter, A. (2022). "Aeshna soneharai Asahina, 1988, stat. rev., bona species – an overlooked member of the European fauna? (Odonata: Aeshnidae)". Odonatologica. 51 (1–2): 111–145. doi:10.60024/odon.v51i1-2.a6. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
- ^ "Subarctic Darner". Montana Field Guide. Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
- ^ von Ellenrieder, N.; Paulson, D. (2006). "Aeshna williamsoniana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006 e.T564A13063036. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T564A13063036.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Nel, A.; Martínez-Delclòs, X.; Escuillé, F.; Brisac, P. (1994). "Les Aeshnidae fossiles: Etat actuel des connaissances (Odonata, Anisoptera)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 194 (2/3): 143–186. doi:10.1127/njgpa/194/1994/143. S2CID 247527646. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
- ^ Nel, Andre; Garrouste, Romain; Kaya, Mustafa; Licht, Alexis; Legal, Stéphane; Coster, Pauline (2024-02-01). "The second oldest representative of the genus Aeshna (Odonata: Aeshnidae) found in the lowermost Oligocene of Luberon (France) and revealed by UV light". Historical Biology. 36 (2): 261–265. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2157274. ISSN 0891-2963.
- ^ a b Li, Yong-jun; Nel, André; Ren, Dong; Zhang, Bing-lan; Pang, Hong (December 2011). "New discoveries of Neogene hawker dragonflies (Insecta, Odonata, Aeshnidae) from Shandong province in china". Zoosystema. 33 (4): 577–590. doi:10.5252/z2011n4a8. ISSN 1280-9551.
- ^ "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2025-08-21.
- ^ Petrulevicius, Julian F.; Jarzembowski, Edmund A. (2005-04-21). "New fossil Odonata from the European Cenozoic (Insecta: Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae, Aeshnidae, ?Idionychidae, Libellulidae)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen: 343–380. doi:10.1127/njgpa/235/2005/343.
- ^ Prokop, Jakub; Pecharová, Martina; Nel, André (2016-10-09). "New Cenozoic dragonflies from the Most Basin and Středohoří Complex volcanic area (Czech Republic, Germany)". Journal of Natural History. 50 (37–38): 2311–2326. doi:10.1080/00222933.2016.1193648. ISSN 0022-2933.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aeshna.
- Aeshna, BugGuide
- Corbet, P. S. 1999. Dragonflies: Behavior and Ecology of Odonata. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA, 829pp.
- von Ellenrieder, N., 2003. A synopsis of the Neotropical species of 'Aeshna' Fabricius: the genus Rhionaeschna Förster (Odonata: Aeshnidae). - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 146 (1): 67-207.
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