3C 381

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3C 381
Pan-STARRS image of radio galaxy 3C 381.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationLyra
Right ascension18h 33m 46.30s[1]
Declination+47° 27′ 02.64″[1]
Redshift0.167400[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity50,185 km/s[1]
Distance2.146 Gly
Apparent magnitude (B)18.64
Characteristics
TypeHEG BLRG[1]
Size~270,000 ly (82.8 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
PGC 62045, 4C +47.49, 2MASX J18334627+4727027, LHE 451, DA 455, OU +454, NRAO 0568[1]

3C 381 is a radio galaxy located in the constellation of Lyra. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.167[1] and it was first recorded in the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources survey in 1962.[2] It is known to contain an extended emission-line region (EELR).[3]

Description

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3C 381 is classified as a Fanaroff-Riley class Type 2 broad-line radio galaxy (BLRG), although the categorization of it being a narrow-line radio galaxy is debatable.[3][4][5] Its host is a round elliptical galaxy located in a small galaxy group, described as having a high surface brightness profile and a smooth appearance.[6][7][8][9] There is a companion galaxy located 5.5 arcseconds away from 3C 381 with a low-surface brightness profile. Further evidence shows these galaxies are gravitationally interacting, given the presence of tidal distortions and tidal tails that are pointing in both directions from the main galaxy's nucleus based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging.[6][10] A faint extension feature is discovered in the north.[6] The total star formation rate is 7.7+1.3-1.3 x 1010 Mʘ and the black hole mass is 11.8+5.8-4.0 x 107 Mʘ.[11]

The radio structure of 3C 381 is compact. Based on high resolution Very Large Array (VLA) radio imaging, the source has hotspots. The hotspot on the northern side is found to have a double substructure with a weak compact component located in the southwest. There is also another component located north-east, extended southwards and partially resolved. At the southernmost region a hotspot is also seen, but no compact component is present.[8] Both of the radio lobes of the source have a steep radio spectrum at the curving bases, however the southern one is much larger compared to the northern one with an extent of 40.5 arcseconds.[8][12][3] A faint doubly ionized oxygen emission filament curves around the north radio lobe boundary.[7] Low-resolution mapping showed a bright bar feature in its northern lobe, which in turn is connected with a radio emission bridge to the hotspot region.[8]

The galaxy has an extended emission-line region (EELR). The EELR is larger than a stellar component, with an extension of 12 arcseconds or 38 kiloparsecs in length. The kinematics are also disturbed, with high velocity gas components located both inside the central and outer parts of the EELR. Within the structure, velocity differences are observed, reaching up to around 600 kilometers per second.[3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "NED Search results for 3C 381". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-09-28.
  2. ^ Bennett, A. S. (1962). "The revised 3C catalogue of radio sources". Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 68: 163. Bibcode:1962MmRAS..68..163B.
  3. ^ a b c d Reynaldi, V.; Feinstein, C. (2013-02-05). "Searching for evidence of jet–cloud interaction in radio galaxies. First results for 3C 381". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 430 (3): 2221–2231. arXiv:1301.2216. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt042. ISSN 1365-2966.
  4. ^ Hardcastle, M. J.; Evans, D. A.; Croston, J. H. (2009-07-11). "The active nuclei ofz< 1.0 3CRR radio sources". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 396 (4): 1929–1952. arXiv:0904.1323. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.396.1929H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14887.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  5. ^ Holt, J.; Tadhunter, C. N.; González Delgado, R. M.; Inskip, K. J.; Rodriguez, J.; Emonts, B. H. C.; Morganti, R.; Wills, K. A. (October 2007). "The properties of the young stellar populations in powerful radio galaxies at low and intermediate redshifts". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 381 (2): 611–639. arXiv:0708.2605. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.381..611H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12140.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  6. ^ a b c Roche, Nathan; Eales, Stephen A. (September 2000). "Optical/ultraviolet morphology and alignment of low-redshift radio galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 317 (1): 120–140. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.317..120R. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03684.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  7. ^ a b McCarthy, Patrick J.; Spinrad, Hyron; van Breugel, Wil (July 1995). "Emission-Line Imaging of 3CR Radio Galaxies. I. Imaging Data". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 99: 27. Bibcode:1995ApJS...99...27M. doi:10.1086/192178. ISSN 0067-0049.
  8. ^ a b c d Hardcastle, M. J.; Alexander, P.; Pooley, G. G.; Riley, J. M. (1997-07-11). "High-resolution observations at 3.6 cm of seventeen FR II radio galaxies with 0.15 <z< 0.30" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 288 (4): 859–890. doi:10.1093/mnras/288.4.859. ISSN 0035-8711.
  9. ^ Madrid, Juan P.; Chiaberge, Marco; Floyd, David; Sparks, William B.; Macchetto, Duccio; Miley, George K.; Axon, David; Capetti, Alessandro; O’Dea, Christopher P.; Baum, Stefi; Perlman, Eric; Quillen, Alice (June 2006). "Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts at Low Redshift". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 164 (2): 307–333. arXiv:astro-ph/0603239. Bibcode:2006ApJS..164..307M. doi:10.1086/504480. ISSN 0067-0049.
  10. ^ de Koff, Sigrid; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William B.; Biretta, John; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando; McCarthy, Patrick; Miley, George K. (December 1996). "HST Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts. I. Intermediate Redshifts". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 107 (2): 621–660. Bibcode:1996ApJS..107..621D. doi:10.1086/192376. ISSN 0067-0049.
  11. ^ Westhues, Christian; Haas, Martin; Barthel, Peter; Wilkes, Belinda J.; Willner, S. P; Kuraszkiewicz, Joanna; Podigachoski, Pece; Leipski, Christian; Meisenheimer, Klaus; Siebenmorgen, Ralf; Chini, Rolf (2016-04-20). "Star Formation in 3CR Radio Galaxies and Quasars at z < 1*". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (5): 120. arXiv:1602.07443. Bibcode:2016AJ....151..120W. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/120. ISSN 0004-6256.
  12. ^ Leahy, J. P.; Perley, R. A. (August 1991). "VLA Images of 23 Extragalactic Radio Sources". The Astronomical Journal. 102: 537. Bibcode:1991AJ....102..537L. doi:10.1086/115892. ISSN 0004-6256.
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