2025 New Zealand local referendums on Māori wards and constituencies

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2025 New Zealand local referendums on Māori wards and constituencies
9 September 2025 (2025-09-09) to 11 October 2025 (2025-10-11)
Referendums were held in
37 local councils and 5 regional councils
I vote to keep the Māori ward / constituency
Choice Councils Vote %
Yes 18 520,113 49.83
No 24 458,332 43.91
Valid 978,445 93.74
Informal / blank 65,303 6.26
Total 1,043,748
Registered
Results (preliminary)

The 2025 New Zealand local referendums on Māori wards and constituencies were referendums held from 9 September until 11 October 2025, on the question of whether to have dedicated Māori wards and constituencies on local councils in New Zealand. The referendums occurred alongside that year's nation-wide local elections. The referendums were held for 37 local councils and 5 regional councils, in total 42 councils.

The referendums were slated to occur following the passing of legislation requiring them, a reversal by the incumbent National government of a change made by the previous Labour government.

The major left-of-centre political parties (Labour, Greens, and Te Pāti Māori) all endorsed the pro-ward position whilst ACT endorsed the anti-wards position. The other two government parties (National and NZ First) did not endorse either side. Most incumbent mayors endorsed the pro-ward position.

Preliminary and progress results are in; final results have not been announced yet.

Key dates

[edit]

Key dates relating to the local referendums are as follows:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

early April Electoral Commission sent out enrolment update packs.
10 July Enrolment closes for switching to the Māori or general roll.
1 August Enrolment closes for the printed electoral roll.
9 September Postal voting opens.
10 October Last day to enrol to vote.
11 October Polling day — The voting documents must be at the council before voting closes at midday/12:00pm.
Preliminary results to be released as soon as readily available afterwards.

Background

[edit]
Main article: Māori wards and constituencies

The referendums were spurred by the ruling National-led coalition government's passing of the Local Government (Electoral Legislation and Māori Wards and Māori Constituencies) Amendment Act 2024, reinstating the requirement that councils must hold referendums before establishing Māori wards that the previous Labour government had removed. Councils that had introduced Māori wards without holding a referendum were required to hold a poll at the 2025 elections if they wished to keep them.[8]

Only two of the 45 councils with current or proposed Māori wards voted against holding a poll to determine their future. Several councils said they wanted to look into legal advice with regards to ignoring the government's requirement to hold polls.[9] Tauranga City Council is not holding a referendum because they already held local elections recently in 2024.[10] The cost of the referendums was projected to be over $2 million.[11]

Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Whātua appealed the decision of the Kaipara District Council to abolish its Māori wards rather than hold a referendum,[9] losing in the High Court in December 2024.[12] Kaipara District Council and Upper Hutt City Council were the only two councils to abolish existing or planned Māori wards.[9]

The referendums followed a period of increased pro-Māori activism (including Hīkoi mō te Tiriti), spurred on by perceived anti-Māori policies by central government.[9]

Public opinion

[edit]

Previously held referendums on the issue have generally resulted against Māori wards. In the Far North, for example, residents voted 2-to-1 against them in a 2015 poll held for that district's representation review for the 2016 and 2019 elections.[13]

Whanganui District Council chief executive David Langford said that in submissions to the council on the topic, 53% had been in support of Māori Wards.[14]

In Hawke's Bay, Hastings District Council saw 76% support for Māori Wards amongst submissions made to the council on the topic in 2021; Napier City Council saw 60% of 2300 submissions in support in August 2024.[15]

Debate

[edit]

Arguments in support of Māori wards

[edit]

Social justice and representation

[edit]

Bridget Bell, a Māori ward councillor in the Manawatū District, said that an "immense" amount of effort had been made by iwi to secure their voice on council, and that the wards were crucial to ensuring they were heard and that equity was fought for. As an example, she claimed that Marae in the district now received a similar level of support as rural villages, unlike previously.[16]

Kassie Hartendorp, in an op-ed for E-Tangata, said that Māori wards were about "equity". She said that getting rid of the them would "reverse" progress on Māori representation at the local level, pointing to a report by the Human Rights Commission that Māori were underrepresented on councils;[17] as an example, only 5% of successful candidates in 2007 were Māori, despite comprising 15% of the population. She pointed to colonisation as the root course of this discrepancy.[17] She said that through her work at ActionStation with community members, she had heard of the positive contributions and relationships that had formed between council and iwi groups as a result of the increased Māori representation brought about by the introduction of Māori wards.[17] She called out racism as a major driving factor of the anti-Māori ward side. She said that in a claim that she and ActionStation brought before the Waitangi Tribunal related to the Local Government (Māori Wards) Amendment Act, that the tribunal found that the law change was a direct breach of the Treaty of Waitangi.[17]

Pere Paniora, a Māori ward councillor in the Kaipara District (whose council voted to abolish their Māori ward), said that "undoubtedly" council will lose their connection to the Māori community. She went on to say, "I've spoken to many rangatahi[a] who are proud to have a face and a council that represents them, that looks like them, that comes from the same background as them."[16]

Cost savings

[edit]

Whakatāne Māori ward councillor Toni Boynton argued that the existence of the district's Māori ward has helped save the council hundreds in thousands of dollars in legal costs; local iwi had repeatedly taken the council to court over decisions they felt had been made without consulting them with regards to issues that affect Māori. Since the introduction of the ward there has been no litigation.[16]

Arguments against Māori wards

[edit]

Democracy and equal rights

[edit]

In a press release, David Seymour (leader of ACT New Zealand) called Māori wards "undemocratic". He railed against co-governance, saying it placed group identity over individual dignity. He said that abolishing Māori wards would restore democracy to local communities.[18]

The right-wing[19] news website Centrist released an op-ed explaining some arguments against Māori wards.[20] They said that separate representation for Māori would disrupt unity, and cause tension and resentment in communities.[20] The op-ed said that Māori already have the same opportunities as other New Zealanders, and thus there is no need to have Māori wards since Māori should be able to be elected on their own merits as individuals.[20] The op-ed said that proponents of Māori wards were advocating for equity of outcomes rather than equality of opportunity. Kaipara mayor Craig Jepson was quoted as saying that pro-Māori ward arguments feed into a "false narrative" that was "condescending" to Māori. The op-ed also alleged that the mainstream media was biased against anti-Māori ward proponents, saying they would focus on framing them as racist rather than engaging with the issue.[20]

Campaign

[edit]

Pro-Māori wards

[edit]
Election placard for "Keep Māori Wards" campaign in Palmerston North.

Labour, the Greens, and Te Pāti Māori would all campaign in support of Māori wards.[21][22][23]

In April, Māori ward councillors from across the country met in Taupō as part of the annual meeting of Local Government New Zealand's subcommittee for Māori elected members, Te Maruata. Many were up for re-election, and faced having to campaign both for themselves and for the continued existence of Māori wards.[16]

A group called Stronger Together Keep Māori Wards formed in Palmerston North, organised by Unions Manawatū.[24] A group called For Wards Hawke’s Bay formed to support the pro-ward position at the referendums in Hawke's Bay.[25]

In August, the Christian social justice organisation "Common Grace Aotearoa" announce it would organise workshops in 100 churches across 42 districts to promote support for Māori wards, with a focus on Pākehā audiences. Several Christian leaders including retired Anglican Archbishop Sir David Moxon, Methodist Church President Te Aroha Rountree, Catholic Church Bishop Peter Cullinae, Anglican Taranaki Cathedral Dean Jay Ruka and New Zealand Baptist Missionary Society national director Alan Jamieson have expressed support for retaining Māori wards.[26]

Anti-Māori wards

[edit]

ACT New Zealand for the first time would put forward candidates in local elections; candidates from the group would campaign against Māori wards.[27]

Hobson's Pledge billboard controversies

[edit]

The lobby group Hobson's Pledge released a series of advertisements featuring a stock photo of a Māori woman with a moko kauae and the message "My mana doesn't need a mandate – Vote no to Māori wards". The individual woman pictured did not consent to her image being used and was distraught that her image was being used to promote a view she was "staunchly" opposed to.[28] The photo was released on iStock and Shutterstock and labelled "editorial use only"; Hobson's Pledge said that they had followed all legal requirements for their use of the photo.[28] The group took down the billboards.[28]

In late September 2025, media company Stuff removed a Hobson's Pledge advertisement opposing Māori wards from its websites after receiving feedback on 20 September that the ad was linking to an external website that did not meet the company's terms and conditions. Meanwhile, media company New Zealand Media and Entertainment (NZME) maintained the same advertisement on its websites, stating that it met their criteria for advocacy advertising. In response, Hobson's Pledge's leader Don Brash accused Stuff of cowering to bullying and intimidation while praising NZ for upholding lawful advocacy in a "free press."[29]

Endorsements

[edit]
Organisations and community groups
For checkY (Keep) Against ☒N (Repeal)
Incumbent mayors
For checkY (Keep) Against ☒N (Repeal)
Political parties
For checkY (Keep) Against ☒N (Repeal)

Question

[edit]

Voters had the choice of ticking either the box that says "I vote to keep the Māori ward/constituency" or the box that says "I vote to remove the Māori ward/constituency".[13]

Issues

[edit]

In mid-September 2025, Radio New Zealand reported that the candidate profiles for Māori ward candidates in the Ōpōtiki, Whanganui, South Wairarapa and Manawatū districts had been accidentally excluded from voting packs due to printing errors. Electoral officer Warwick Lamp confirmed that Māori ward electors would be sent an individual letter containing candidate profiles. In response, the Green Party's Democracy and Electoral Reform spokesperson and Member of Parliament Celia Wade-Brown called for an extension of the voting period in Māori wards.[57] In addition, Te Pāti Māori called on the Whanganui District Council to provide Māori ward voters with correct candidate information and a full independent investigation.[58]

Results

[edit]
Preliminary results
Council Status Margin % Keep % Remove % Invalid / blank % Turnout %
Territorial authorities
Far North District Council 2,163 9.15 12,620 53.38 10,457 44.23 563 2.38 23,640
Whangarei District Council 3,173 10.70 12,713 42.88 15,886 53.58 1,048 3.53 29,647
Hauraki District Council 908 15.09 2,340 38.89 3,248 53.98 429 7.13 6,017
Thames-Coromandel District Council 2,125 18.22 4,771 40.89 6,896 59.11 ~11,667
Matamata-Piako District Council Final[59] 2,718 23.59 3,815 32.97 6,544 56.56 1,211 10.47 11,570 45.69
Waikato District Council 821 4.32 9,096 47.84 9,917 52.16 ~19,013
Hamilton City Council 2,339 6.37 18,316 49.82 15,977 43.45 2,475 6.73 36,768
Waipa District Council Final[60] 2,340 13.44 6,950 39.92 9,290 53.36 1,124 6.73 17,411 41.99
Ōtorohanga District Council Final[61] 121 3.82 1,410 44.51 1,531 48.33 227 7.17 3,168 49.53
Western Bay of Plenty District Council Final[62] 2,570 17.07 5,892 38.51 8,462 55.31 944 6.17 15,298 38.06
Whakatane District Council 2,503 20.68 7,306 60.34 4,803 39.66 ~12,109
Kawerau District Council 816 35.75 1,511 66.21 695 30.46 76 3.33 2,282
Rotorua Lakes District Council Final[63] 2,856 13.10 11,363 52.14 8,507 39.03 1,925 8.83 21,796 43.27
Taupo District Council Final[64] 2,989 18.84 6,058 38.18 9,047 57.02 761 4.80 15,866 55.36
Gisborne District Council 3,885 24.63 9,454 59.93 5,569 35.30 751 4.76 15,774
Hastings District Council Final[65] 1,111 4.15 12,216 45.65 13,327 49.80 1,216 4.54 26,759 45.56
Napier City Council Final[66] 2,812 13.19 8,844 41.47 11,656 54.66 825 3.87 21,325 45.78
Central Hawke's Bay District Council Final[67] 1,131 18.44 2,371 38.65 3,502 57.09 261 4.25 6,134 56.03
Tararua District Council Final[68] 527 7.40 3,049 42.84 3,576 50.24 493 6.93 7,119 55.05
Rangitikei District Council Final[69] 135 2.48 2,516 46.16 2,651 48.63 284 5.21 5,451 49.63
Ruapehu District Council Final[70] 116 2.70 2,098 48.77 1,982 46.07 222 5.16 4,302 51.07
Whanganui District Council Final[71] 830 4.88 8,292 48.71 7,462 43.83 1,270 7.46 17,027 50.32
Manawatu District Council Final[72] 1,266 12.80 4,114 41.61 5,380 54.41 393 3.97 9,887 43.19
Palmerston North City Council 2,425 9.90 12,986 53.03 10,561 43.13 939 3.83 24,486
New Plymouth District Council 3,047 10.88 11,713 41.82 14,760 52.70 1,534 5.48 28,007
Stratford District Council 857 23.76 1,279 35.46 2,136 59.22 192 5.32 3,607
South Taranaki District Council 735 8.87 3,588 43.30 4,323 52.17 376 4.54 8,287
Horowhenua District Council Final[73] 188 1.54 5,747 47.06 5,935 48.60 531 4.35 12,214 47.00
Kapiti Coast District Council 2,631 13.19 10,442 52.36 7,811 39.17 1,688 8.46 19,941
Porirua City Council Final[74] 6,535 37.08 11,775 66.82 5,240 29.73 6.08 3.45 17,623 40.70
Hutt City Council Final[75] 8,288 25.09 19,976 60.47 11,688 35.38 1,373 4.16 33,038 41.56
Wellington City Council Final[76] 28,312 34.71 52,677 64.58 24,365 29.87 4,532 5.56 81,574 49.99
Masterton District Council Final[77] 511 5.34 4,810 50.29 4,299 44.95 455 4.76 9,564 47.29
South Wairarapa District Council Final[78] 620 11.08 2,911 52.02 2,291 40.94 394 7.04 5,598 59.13
Nelson City Council Final[79] 2,578 13.72 10,168 54.12 7,590 40.40 1,031 5.49 18,789 48.14
Tasman District Council 2,335 11.77 8,049 40.55 10,384 52.32 1,415 7.13 19,848
Marlborough District Council Final[80] 2,325 15.16 5,786 37.74 8,111 52.90 1,436 9.37 15,333 43.86
Regional councils
Northland Regional Council 1,378 2.16 29,589 46.43 30,967 48.59 3,179 4.99 63,735
Hawke's Bay Regional Council Final[81] 3,746 6.54 24,447 42.66 28,193 49.20 4,667 8.14 57,307
Horizons Regional Council Final[82] 776 0.96 36,864 45.53 36,088 44.57 8,015 9.90 80,967
Taranaki Regional Council 4,524 11.36 16,259 40.83 20,783 52.19 2,783 6.99 39,825
Greater Wellington Regional Council Final[83] 46,615 24.81 109,644 58.36 63,029 33.55 15,199 8.09 187,872
Totals 61,781 5.92 520,113 49.83 458,332 43.91 65,303 6.26 1,043,748

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Māori for "young people"

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Local elections 2025: Your enrolment pack". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
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  5. ^ "Local change maker: candidate guide" (PDF). Taituarā. Retrieved 26 February 2025.
  6. ^ Neville, Alice (4 July 2025). "Nominations are now open – so how are the big mayoral races shaping up?". The Spinoff.
  7. ^ "Key dates". Vote Local. Retrieved 2 August 2025.
  8. ^ "What you need to know about Māori wards". Radio New Zealand. 7 August 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d McConnell, Glenn (9 September 2024). "Councils vs Government in battle over Māori wards". Stuff. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  10. ^ "About Māori wards and constituencies". Vote Local. 2024.
  11. ^ Rātana, Liam (15 January 2025). "The fate of Māori seats on councils lies with those who vote". The Spinoff.
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  19. ^ Mitchell, Charlie (29 March 2025). "Decoding the rightward lean of the 'Centrist'". The Press.
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  41. ^ "New Kāpiti Coast Māori ward re-affirmed". Kapiti Coast District Council. 6 August 2024.
  42. ^ Hubbard, Catherine (5 September 2024). "Tasman retains Māori ward". Stuff.
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  76. ^ "Wellington City Council - 2025 Triennial Elections - DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). 16 October 2025. Retrieved 18 October 2025.
  77. ^ "Masterton District Council - 2025 Triennial Elections - DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). 16 October 2025. Retrieved 18 October 2025.
  78. ^ "South Wairarapa District Council - 2025 Triennial Elections - DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). 16 October 2025. Retrieved 18 October 2025.
  79. ^ "Nelson City Council - 2025 Triennial Elections - DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). 16 October 2025. Retrieved 18 October 2025.
  80. ^ "Marlborough District Council - 2025 Triennial Elections - DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). 16 October 2025. Retrieved 18 October 2025.
  81. ^ "Hawke's Bay Regional Council - 2025 Triennial Elections - DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). 17 October 2025. Retrieved 18 October 2025.
  82. ^ "Horizons Regional Council - 2025 Triennial Elections - DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). 18 October 2025. Retrieved 18 October 2025.
  83. ^ "Greater Wellington Regional Council - 2025 Triennial Elections - DECLARATION OF RESULT" (PDF). 18 October 2025. Retrieved 18 October 2025.